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Third page journalism is the name given to news published on the third page of the newspapers it is named after and mainly dealing with judicial events such as accident, fire, extortion, assault, sexual violence, stabbing, wounding, killing. This term has been added to Turkish and our journalism field through a literal translation from its original (third page news)[citation needed]. It is also frequently used in daily life.

The first example of third-page journalism in our press, which first appeared in the mainstream in the Turkish press with the Günaydın Newspaper, published by Haldun Simavi in ​​1968, can be seen in the Picture Month Magazine published by Zekeriya Sertel in 1924. Later, it had a wide coverage in Harman Newspaper.
In the beginning, there were no bloody photographs in the newspapers, as such news was asparagas. With Günaydın Newspaper, this type of journalism got rid of the identity of asparagas and started to be published as the page of real events. Authoritative sources and academic environments state that the reason why Günaydın Newspaper reached 1 million sales in the 1970s was the first encounter of the Turkish reader with bloody photographs.

Journalism is the job of a journalist.[1] The journalist undertakes the task of reaching the news and information source quickly and presenting the information and news obtained from these sources to the readers.

In order for a journalist to fulfill this duty, he/she must write articles based on news, events, facts, documents and information. For this, the journalist must be a reliable person. The person who takes the risk of fighting against governments and power centers, when necessary, within the "journalism ethical rules" is a journalist.

Contents

1 Types of journalism
2 Ethics
3 See also
4 Bibliography

Types of journalism

Newspapers that take a more serious approach to journalism aim to give their readers as much and accurate information as possible about what is happening in the world. Journalism is responsible for getting the news from the right source. Journalism is not done with hearsay. It does not include elements such as blackmail, defamation, defilement, fake news, and attrition. Journalists are people who should be law-abiding, moral, honest, honest and hardworking. Educated people from the schools of the profession of journalism are successful in their profession, comply with the rules and behave appropriately. Those studying in the journalism department are licensed journalists. They are prone to journalistic skills. Those who study this department can be successful academically, and they can work in the free market or under the roof of an institution. Those who have a journalistic license are those who have read the school of this business. Apart from this, it is possible to come across people who are not competent in the profession and pretend to be colleagues. In journalism, he takes titles such as reporter, editor, graphic designer, photojournalist, editor-in-chief, responsible editor-in-chief, editor-in-chief. They can also make news programs on television and work in newspapers and magazines. In addition, they can find opportunities to work in the press directorates of institutions.

Ethics

It is an indispensable condition of journalism to be open-minded, honest, free from prejudices and respecting personal rights, without being tied to any interest group. The profession of journalism and the journalism sector (mass media organs such as newspapers, radio, television, and the Internet) are referred to as the fourth supervisory state power in democratic societies besides the three state powers (legislative-parliament, executive-government, judiciary-courts) in democratic societies.

Attached journalism or embedded journalism[1][2] is the term used for reporters who act together with soldiers on one side of the conflict in areas of war and hot conflict and see and reflect the war from their perspective.[3]

According to some authors, embedded journalism; It is a progressive way of regulating ties between civilians and the military. Accordingly, the time period in which this journalism method is used most widely is II. World War II, and during the war, the Soviet Union used this method to make 280 films of the period, and these images have survived to the present day. According to these authors, this is an indication of the positive relationship between the armed forces and journalists during the Great Patriotic War.[4]

It was tried to a limited extent in the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan, and the current application was started in the Iraq War that started in 2003.[5] This method II. It was frequently used by the United States administration in the Battle of Fallujah and the occupation of Baghdad.

In a study conducted with the support of the University of Colombia, it was stated that the news made by embedded journalists lacked depth, and the people who were shot by gunfire were not shown.[6]

Contents

1 Application by country

1.1 A United States of America
1.2 India
1.3 Soviet Union
1.4 Turkey
1.5 Ukraine

2 See also
3 Bibliography
4 External links

Application by country
United States

At different times, a total of 775 journalists and photographers were taken to the war zone as 'attached' to the US army, by signing a contract not to disclose the location of their unit and the location of the weapons, and by receiving a short training. .[7] When asked why they went to such a practice, Marine Corps Lieutenant Colonel Rick Long replied, "Let me be clear, we want to win the war. And information is an important part of this war. We also want to dominate the information field."[8]

In the report prepared by the British broadcaster BBC, it was stated that the attached journalists presented their news through self-censorship. In the report, it was also emphasized that the reactions of the Iraqi people were distorted and that they mainly presented images of Iraqis welcoming the coalition forces. BBC's senior executives stated that this attitude of embedded journalists is an injustice to democracy.[9]

In an article published in the United States newspaper The Boston Globe in February 2016, it was reported that the media in the country completely distorted the facts about the Syrian Civil War approach, and it was mentioned that most of the developments in the country's press had nothing to do with reality.[10]

India

It was stated that embedded journalism was carried out in the Indian media and the news that defended the government were fictionalized.[11]

Soviet Union

Soviet Union II. During the World War II, 280 films were shot using embedded journalism methods, and these images have survived to the present day.[4]

Turkey

Journalists from Turkey also took part in the Iraq War, where embedded journalism was widely used for the first time. Cüneyt Özdemir, Mithat Bereket, Atilla Alicikoğlu[12] and Ümit Bektaş were among the names who watched the war as "attached" from Turkey.[6]

It has been stated that this method is sometimes used in parallel with the biased media in Turkey,[13] and the Uludere incident is shown as an example. After the incident, pro-government news channels did not make any news or subtitles for hours. However, in the news he made hours later, it was reported that a PKK member group had been shot down by warplanes. Then, the mainstream media, which changed the news direction, reported that a group of smugglers died when bombs fell on them.[14][15] Another example of the aforementioned media-military relations within the scope of embedded journalism and biased media in Turkey is Fatih Çekirge's statement in a television program in December 2016, "I wouldn't have jumped on the news of MIT trucks... We are not enemies of the state after all". [7]

Dicle News Agency (DİHA) claimed that Anadolu Agency broadcasts according to this type of journalism and that TRT and Show TV also broadcast such news.[16] It was stated that the mainstream media used embedded journalism methods in the Gezi Park events.[17]

It was stated that the use of photographs taken during the ISIS attacks on Rojava during the Syrian Kurdistan conflicts, which is a part of the Syrian Civil War, is embedded journalism. Journalist Refik Tekin, one of those who took the photos, said, "The attached media uses the photos we took during the conflicts and witnessed, by distorting the events later on, or in the news about the government's statements about the events. used it".[18] Anadolu Agency reported that many European press organizations, including Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, BBC News, The Independent and Agence France-Presse, reported that the Turkish Armed Forces attacked PYD/YPG, PKK and ISIS in Afrin District of Syria on 20 January 2018. He claimed that he tried to portray the Olive Branch Operation, which was launched against the Turkish government, as "the Kurdish groups fighting against DAESH in the region" and to create a false perception. The agency also claimed that the European press was spreading false information about the civilian casualties in the region by using fake images and information.[19 ]

Ukraine

It was reported that during the Donbass War that started in Ukraine in 2014, there were attached journalists who were on the side of the Ukrainian Armed Forces, and it was stated that various films were made with the images collected by these journalists. These films were later distributed by the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine.[2