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Animal rights violations, violence against animals, veganism and all developments regarding animals, breaking animal news. Animal rights is the idea that all or some non-human animals have their own autonomy and that their basic interests, such as avoidance of pain, should be protected just as the basic interests of humans are protected. The concept of animal rights means that non-human animals are not objects that can be used for human purposes, but should be treated as individuals with their own desires and needs[1]. In practice, this may mean that animals must be treated humanely, as well as describing the use of animals in medical and cosmetic experiments, killing for meat or skin, hunting for recreation, and using them as raw materials or resources in the livestock sector as animal rights violations.[2] Animal rights advocates call the preconceived view that excludes non-human animals from moral evaluation as speciesism, arguing that belonging to a species—the human species—cannot be the sole basis for moral evaluation. The concept of animal rights should not be confused with the concept of animal welfare, which proposes improvements in the conditions of use of animals by humans and some legal regulations. Philosophy and animal rights Some cultural traditions around the world, such as Jainism, Taoism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Shinto, and Animism, grant certain rights to animals. In the West, John Locke (1632-1704) argued that unnecessary cruelty to animals is morally wrong[3], while Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) argued that cruelty to animals would make people cruel and could facilitate acts of violence against other people[4]. The utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), on the other hand, argued that although he opposes rights as a concept, the essential element that determines the way we treat other beings should be the faculty of sentience. Bentham argued that the ability to suffer requires equal treatment for this pain, and argued that when deciding on the moral value of an act, we should consider the suffering of every being that can suffer from that action[5]. Bentham expressed this view in his book written in 1789: An adult horse or dog is incomparably more developed in its intellectual capacity and communication abilities than a one-day, one-week, or even one-month-old baby. Assuming it wasn't, what would that matter? The real question is not “can they reason” or “speak” but “can they suffer”[5]. Animal rights in contemporary philosophy Today, the views on the moral status of animals in philosophy are fed from two different sources; These are utilitarian philosophy-based views and rights-based views. The representative of the utilitarian view is Peter Singer. Representatives of the rights-based view are Tom Regan and Gary Francione. While utilitarian views advocate judging the moral status of actions in terms of the consequences of a single action for everyone who may be affected by that action, rights-based views argue that moral actions should be evaluated according to certain moral principles, not their consequences. Although the utilitarian view is based on the views of Jeremy Bentham, it has come to the fore in the context of animal ethics, especially with Peter Singer's book Animal Liberation. According to the view advocated in this book, there is no valid reason why human and animal interests should not be treated equally[6]. Both a mouse and a human want not to be tortured. On the other hand, Singer, like his predecessor Bentham, rejects the idea of rights. According to Singer, animals do not have the ability to envision the future, so killing an animal does not deprive it of any interest[7]. Therefore, Singer's advocacy focuses more on improving the conditions of animals during human use of animals. Tom Regan argues that nonhuman animals are subjects of a life and therefore have rights. According to this view, people are agents of moral actions and are responsible for their actions[8]. Humans and non-human animals, who are the subjects of a life, are morally affected because they are subjectively vulnerable to the actions of other people[9]. Based on this conceptualization, Regan argues that the principle of "no one can be used as the end of another's means" in Kant's philosophy and which includes only humans in terms of Kant, should be extended to non-human animals as well[10]. This means that it will not be enough to improve the treatment of animals, it is necessary to stop using animals for human purposes. Gary Francione put forward the idea that there is a fundamental right that humans and other animals should have in common.
grow. This right is defined as "the right not to be used as a property or resource"[11]. According to Francione, any meaningful change for animals is possible with a change in the paradigm that defines animals as human property in society and laws. Stating that the movement based on improving the conditions of animals when they are under human use and ownership, makes the real problem invisible, Francione argues that the moral basis for animal rights advocates is veganism. As long as animals are considered human property, any treatment improvement efforts will be in the interests of the owners and will therefore always be limited and reinforce the property status of the animals. For this reason, rights defenders should focus on changing this status, not improving treatment, and therefore they should first stop using animals starting from their own lives[12]. Historical events related to animal rights The Brown Dog Incident Brown Dog sculpture by Joseph Whitehead. The statue was exhibited in Battersea between 1906 and 1910, was attacked many times and was later removed. In 1902, Swedish animal advocate and feminist Lizzy Lind af Hageby (1878-1963) and her friend Lisa Shartau enrolled at the London College of Medicine for Women to study medicine. Their aim is to gain extensive knowledge about vivisection practices on animals. They published their experience from this training and details of cruelty to animals used for experimentation in medical education in the book The Shambles of Science: Extracts from the Diary of Two Students of Physiology (1903). One of the striking parts of the book is the section in which a brown terrier dog was cut while he was unconscious. Although what was explained in this section was denied by the researchers working at the faculty, the lawsuit filed against the researchers found the faculty guilty for not using anesthesia[13]. In 1906, a dog statue made by Joseph Whitehead was erected in Battersea Park to commemorate this event, with the words "Men and men of England, how long will things go on like this?" article is included. This statue caused anger among medical students, and 24-hour police protection was required due to the attacks on the statue. The following year, a clash broke out in Trafalgar Square between about 1,000 medical students and unionists and members of the Suffragette movement. Two years later, one night, the Battersea council removed the statue[13]. The emergence of veganism Main article: Veganism In the Vegetarians Association in England in the 19th and 20th centuries, people who did not consume animal milk and eggs as well as animal meat were called strict vegetarians. An article on how to find non-leather shoes in an issue of the official journal of the Vegetarians Association published in 1851 points to the existence of people who stayed away from all animal products, including clothing, in these years. In a publication of the association in 1923, it was written that it was appropriate for vegetarians to stay away from all animal products, but this view did not become the official opinion of the association, and the word vegetarian became synonymous with not consuming only animal meat[14]. In 1944, a group under the leadership of Donald Watson broke away from the Vegetarian Society and started a new movement away from all animal products, after a discussion that the use of animal milk, eggs and other animal products is not compatible with animal rights. They coined the word vegan to describe this lifestyle they advocate[14]. Universal Declaration of Animal Rights The Universal Declaration of Animal Rights was read at a ceremony held at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Center in Paris on 15 October 1978. This text was reorganized by the Animal Rights Union in 1989 and presented to the Director-General of UNESCO in 1990 and made public in the same year. On the other hand, this text is not recognized by UNESCO and is not legally binding[15]. However, mentioning some animals with adjectives such as beasts of burden in the text and using expressions such as "killing without pain" rather than the right to life of animals contradicts the concept of right. In 2003, the Meatless Monday movement was launched in the USA, which aims to raise awareness about human health, the future of the planet, and animal rights by promoting a meat-free diet. animal rights in Turkey Main article: Animal rights in Turkey Animal rights in Turkey were protected by law [16][17][18] in 2004. Necessary provisions have been taken under legal guarantee to protect the right to life of animals granted to them by nature and various penalties have been envisaged for those who violate these provisions. But these laws are not laws that recognize animals as entitled beings. In the Turkish Grand National Assembly on July 9, 2021, the Animal Protection Law and the Turkish Penal Code.
changes have been made.[19] In the legal regulation, violations of rights such as torture, ill-treatment, sexual abuse and rape against animals were included in the scope of crimes and prison sentences were introduced. see also Wikimedia Commons has media related to Animal rights. List of animal rights groups Gary L. Francione (Introduction to Animal Rights) HAYTAP (Animal Rights Federation) People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) Jeremy Bentham Peter Singer Tom Regan Carol J. Adams ("The Sexual Politics of Meat", Ayrıntı Yayınları) HAYKURDER (Animal Protection, Rescue and Survival Association) This list of animal rights groups consists of groups in the animal rights movement. Such animal rights groups work towards the ideals that animals should not be "used" in the research, food, clothing, and entertainment industries and that animals should have equal rights with humans, and seek to end animals' property status.[1] (See Animal welfare) This list only includes groups, organizations, and leaderless resistance networks that have articles on the Turkish Wikipedia. Contents 1 Organizations 1.1 General animal rights advocates 1.2 Focus on animal testing 1.3 Those focused on hunting 1.4 Farm animals focussed 1.5 Those focused on speciesism 1.6 Vegan or vegetarian oriented groups 1.7 wild animals 1.8 Meta 2 Leaderless resistance networks 2.1 Support groups 3 Defunct groups 4 See also 5 Bibliography Organizations General animal rights activists American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Animal Aid (England) Animal Ethics Equanimal HAYTAP (Turkey) Humanist Society of the United States Compassion for Animals Those Who Fight for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) Sea Shepherd Protection Association Those focused on animal testing No Experiment Coalition Those focused on hunting Unity Against Cruel Sports Those focused on farm animals Compassion for Animals United Poultry Concerns Those who focus on speciesism Animal Ethics Vegan or vegetarian oriented groups The Vegan Society Wild animals Animal Ethics Wild Animal Initiative Meta Animal Charity Evaluators leaderless resistance networks Animal Liberation Front (ALF) support groups Although these groups are not directly animal rights groups, they work predominantly openly or covertly to support animal rights activities or activists. Arkangel Animal Liberation Front Supporters Group defunct groups The groups added below represent groups, organizations, and leaderless resistance networks that have closed, disbanded, or dissolved because their goals were met. Autonomous campaigns not requested by any other group may also be listed here, but campaigns requested by a group or leaderless network that are already on the list cannot be listed. No Compromise see also Animal rights animal welfare List of animal rights activists List of animal advocacy parties List of animal welfare groups List of environmental organizations veganism The Animal Rights Federation, or HAYTAP for short, is a non-governmental organization formed by various associations working on the protection of nature and animal rights. The organization is the continuation of the Animal Rights Turkey Active Power Union Platform, from which it is named, and continued to use its old name HAYTAP after the establishment of the federation, which is a legal entity. 19 of the current member associations are based in Turkey and one is based in Azerbaijan.[1] HAYTAP is an organization that tries to raise public awareness within its means in the event of harming nature and violating the rights of animals, using legal remedies to prevent violations, participating in training activities, and conducting the necessary official meetings and public relations studies for the change of the relevant laws and their better implementation. An example of the HAYTAP campaign posters history See also: Animal rights in Turkey HAYTAP was established on July 9, 2008 by the merger of 5 non-governmental organizations operating in the field of animal rights in different provinces of Turkey under the same federation. The number of animal rights associations within its body has reached 20 today and it has around 70 representative offices throughout Turkey.[2] The associations that are members of the Federation are: Association name Abbreviation Center Nature Conservation and Animal Protection Association DOHAYKO Adana One Can Bin Life and Education Association BİYADER Adana Konyaaltı Friends Association KDD Antalya Giresun Animal Protection Association GIRHAYKO Giresun Diyarbakir Animal Protection Association DİHAYKO Diyarbakir Association for the Improvement of Living Life CAHIDE Gaziantep Animal Friends Association HAYDOST İzmir Seferihisar Animal Protection Association SEHAYDER Seferihisar, Izmir A Drop of Life Association - Bitlis Aydın Animal Protection Association - Aydın Balikesir Animal Protection Association - Balikesir evs
Iz Animals and Nature Protection Association EHDKD Istanbul Association for the Protection of Animals from Helplessness and Apathy HAÇİKO İstanbul Ortaca Animal Friends Association HAYDOS Ortaca, Muğla Yenişehir Wildlife and Animal Protection Association YEDOHA Yenişehir, Bursa Nature and Animal Rights Protection Association - Sakarya Bartın Animal Protection and Survival Association - Bartın Zonguldak Animal Rights Association ZONHAYDER Zonguldak Kahramanmaraş Nature and Animals Lovers Association DOHAYSEV Kahramanmaraş Hatay Nature and Life Association - Hatay Guard of the Living World Social Unity Association ALYANS Azerbaijan (Volunteer member association) People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is an animal rights organization. Based in Norfolk, Virginia and with nearly two million members and supporters, the organization is the world's largest animal rights group. The international president of the group is Ingrid Newkirk.[1][2] Founded in 1980, the organization is a 187-employee, 501(c)(3) nonprofit, tax-exempt organization, and is funded almost entirely by its members. Apart from the USA, the institution also has offices in Canada, India, South Africa and the European Union. There is also the peta2 Street Team for affiliate, high school and college activists, and the Foundation to Support Animal Protection (also known as the PETA Foundation), which manages PETA's assets. The organization mainly focuses on four topics: factory farming, fur farming, animal testing and recreational use of animals. PETA also campaigns against fishing, pest killing, shackling or captivity, backyard dogs, cockfighting, and bullfighting. The group is criticized for some of its campaigns and for the animals it has euthanized. He also accused PETA of acting as the spokesperson group for the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) and Earth Liberation Front (ELF) in 2005, after Oklahoma Senator Jim Inhofe's joint actions with these groups, which the senator called terrorist movements.[3][4 ] Date Founded in 1980, PETA first attracted public attention in 1981 when the Silver Spring monkeys incident was heard.[5] Alex Pacheco, a co-founder of PETA with Ingrid Newkirk, entered the Behavioral Research Institute in Silver Spring, Maryland as an undercover worker in the summer of 1981. Researcher In a process called deafferentation, Edward Taub cut off the monkeys' sensory ganglia that supply nerves to their fingers, hands, arms, and fingers so the monkeys couldn't feel these organs. In some cases, the doctor applied deafferentation to the entire spinal column.[6] The doctor then used restraints and electric shocks on the monkeys and subject them to food and drink restrictions to use their deafferented limbs.[7] This research led to the development of the concept of neuroplasticity and the discovery of a new physical therapy called constraint-induced movement therapy for stroke victims.[8] PETA has tried to raise public awareness on this issue with pictures of Silver Spring monkeys. PETA told them, "This is a vivisection, don't let yourself be told anything other than that." became iconic when he started distributing it with captions. According to the ILAR (Institute for Laboratory Animal Research) publication, Pacheca went to the laboratory at night and took photographs documenting the apes being kept in terrible conditions.[9] He then took this evidence to the police. Police raided the lab and arrested Taub. Taub was convicted on six counts for torturing animals. Taub became the first American research scientist to be convicted (though the decision was later overturned on appeal).