CAR JİTSU. KRİSTİN SHEA AND ALEXANDRA ROSA FLOREZ

Social media is a media system that provides access from one-way information sharing to two-sided and simultaneous information sharing, with the introduction of Web 2.0 to the service of users. In addition, social media; It is the whole of the dialogues and shares that people make with each other on the Internet. Thanks to social networks, websites and applications that allow people to share content and information with each other, everyone can access the content they are looking for and interested in. Dialogues and sharing between small groups are gradually increasing the production of user-based content (English: UGC-User Generated Content), turning amateur content into a value in the digital world. It is a form of human communication in which sharing and discussion are essential, without time and place limitations (mobile-based). You meet and communicate with people on social media platforms. You help people, get help, answer their questions and ask your own questions. In this respect, social media is also one of the informal education ways. Technology has a structure in which telecommunication and social communication are provided through words, visuals and sound files. People also have a framework in which they share their stories and experiences in this context. Social media has the feature of “user-sourced media” based on the many-to-many paradigm in terms of communication, rather than broadcasting to many people from a single point as in traditional media. Social media has also revealed the concepts of "Content Produced by Users" and "Media Produced by Customers", and with this structure, it has gained its meaning in the commercial plan. But, according to the findings of Andreas Kaplan and Michael Haenlein in 2010, Social Media; It is defined as “the whole of Internet-based applications that allow the production and development of ideological and technological contents and structures on Web 2.0 in a user-centered manner”[2]. Contents 1 Parts of social media 2 Differences from traditional media 3 Parts of social media 4 Social media literacy 5 Social Media Journalism 6 Social Media's effects on society 6.1 Addiction and diseases 7 Social media experts 8 Social media platforms 8.1 Features 8.1.1 Accessibility 8.1.2 Participation 8.1.3 Speech and communities 8.1.4 Connectivity 8.1.5 Programmability 8.1.6 Scalability 8.1.7 Dynamics 9 Propaganda activities on social media 10 See also 11 Bibliography 12 Additional readings 13 External links Parts of social media Social media technologies can take many different forms such as blogs, business networks, corporate social networks, forums, microblogs, photo sharing, product/service reviews, social bookmarking, social acting, social networks, video hosting, and cyber culture. Differences from traditional media Social media; It differs from traditional media such as print newspaper, television and cinema. Generally, traditional media require specific resources to publish information, while social media is relatively inexpensive to publish or access information, and the means of access are open to everyone (even individuals can use it). No license is required to invest in a printing press or broadcast TV. Traditional media is often described as "industrial", "broadcast" or "mass" media. A characteristic feature that social media and traditional media have in common is that they can reach small or large audiences; For example, both a blog post and a television show can reach zero people or millions of people. Features that will help define the differences between social media and traditional media may differ depending on the method used. Some of these features can be listed as follows: Reach - Both traditional media and social media technologies allow anyone to reach a general audience. Accessibility - Producing for traditional media is often owned by private companies and governments; Social media tools are generally available to everyone at little or no cost. Usability - Traditional media production often requires specialized skills and training. For most social media this is not the case, or in some cases the capabilities are completely changed and new, meaning anyone can produce. Innovation – The time difference (days, weeks, even months) that occurs in traditional media communications can be long compared to social media with immediate effect and reaction (Participants decide the time interval for reactions). Traditional media is also adapting to social media practices, so this difference will soon disappear. Persistence - Traditional media cannot be changed after it is created (after a magazine article is printed and distributed

No changes can be made to the same article afterwards), whereas social media can be changed on the fly with comments or re-editing. Freedom - Perhaps the most important difference between traditional media and social media is freedom. Traditional media are under pressure from governments and advertisers and cannot broadcast freely. Social media, on the other hand, is much more free since it is a global platform that is easily accessible, can be intervened equally by everyone. Parts of social media Social media technologies can take many different forms such as blogs, business networks, corporate social networks, forums, microblogs, photo sharing, product/service reviews, social bookmarking, social acting, social networks, video hosting and virtual world. social media literacy Social media literacy or simply called media literacy, is the name given to the process by which people can better understand, analyze, evaluate, and consume media messages more consciously. The term is derived on the basis of the principle that the person who contributes to the traditional media only as a reader, gives equal opportunity to everyone to use the mass media in today's new social media. This opportunity, which comes with the Internet, also requires people to have technical knowledge and skills. In the internet social media, people use this different role because Facebook, Youtube, Twitter and various blog environments and traditional media (newspapers, magazines, etc.) take place in this environment. Today, these social media environments; It has taken its place among the indispensables of daily life where ideas, thoughts, photos, videos and articles can be shared. According to the media environment of the past, the concept of being a consumer has become almost obsolete for people.[4] In European countries, for these reasons; Social media literacy training was started. In social media literacy training, students are also given training on how to use social media, as well as about insults or attacks on personality rights that may be encountered in this medium. Social media literacy training program in Turkey is carried out by RTÜK. The curriculum within the scope of the program is evaluated and examined by the commission formed by RTÜK members.[5] It is constantly being brought to the agenda that the education, which is still among the elective courses, should be included in the compulsory course in primary, secondary and high school education.[6][7] Media education has been given to students in the United States since 1932.[8] Social Media Journalism One of the areas where Social Media has started to be used widely is news transmission. Social media, which provides the opportunity to obtain news much faster than traditional journalism, has reborn citizen journalism, an example of which is almost never seen anymore. Individuals have the chance to convey the events they witness to thousands or even millions of people in a very short time, thanks to social networks. With the development of smartphone technology, it has become possible both to share the news on social networks via the Internet and to access the shared information easily. It is also possible to make the news more believable by taking photos of the events shared with smartphones with high quality camera resolution. In addition to all these optimistic approaches, it is not easy to believe the news on social media. It should be noted that many people who publish news on social media are not journalists and do not know the ethical principles of news. At this point, the need to confirm the news arises. A book called "Verification Handbook" has also been published to verify the Social Media news. Effects of Social Media on society After social media, many things started to change in human life. As the existing content on social media is created by the user, creativity started to gain importance and the age of participation was born. The strict distinction between those who produce the media's content and those who watch the media has disappeared.[9] Due to this formation, the rate of change increased. It has become important for people to be innovative and to lead innovations. Ideas, not facts, became important, it became more important to be sincere than to be objective. Social media has created a new network of relationships and communication jargon. The self-confidence of being hidden behind a pseudonym has given individuals a tremendous freedom of expression, making them able to easily express their feelings and thoughts trapped in the depths of their subconscious. However, some negative features such as blunting the sense of privacy are also mentioned.[10] The direction of communication between parents and their children has changed. Since parents could not keep up with the learning speed of their children born in conditions close to current technological conditions, they became willing to learn some things from their children. As a result of this learning, parents, who become more prone to social media, share the virtual environment with their children.

They started the month and had the opportunity to get to know their children's circle of friends better in this way. With the development of social media, it has become necessary to make innovations in the field of education. In order to educate children born to Web 2.0, the need to create new methods and teach new things arose. With social media, schools were saved from being surrounded by walls.[11] New techniques developed with Web 2.0 started to be used in education.[12] Since every individual who adds content in the use of social media is equal, a suitable environment is provided for the idea of democracy to settle in people's minds. In this way, users of social media platforms have the opportunity to freely express their opinions. This situation creates a social interaction environment and increasingly virtual societies with the opinions, shares, comments and feedbacks made by other people, whether they are familiar or not, on the Internet. The Western world's constant marketing of technological developments as tools to promote democracy may lead oppressive regimes to take up positions on the Internet, ranging from simply shutting down websites or banning access to websites, to following protesters on social networking sites, to establishing their own propaganda sites.[13] ] The content created by the user, the fact that every content published on social media eventually becomes public and becomes available to interest groups becomes one of the controversial issues of social media. As people who are unaware of this continue to post their private lives on social media, the fact that "vigilance of private life" has become ordinary and acceptable and that this new form of communication creates "personalities without an identity" are some of the biggest criticisms of the use of social media. Addiction and diseases Social media addiction is a type of addiction related to social media and is a relatively new concept. People who use social media to the extent that they neglect their work, power, family and even eating and drinking can be considered addicted. However, this addiction is still not considered a medical illness worldwide. Today, with the more active use of social media, there are some diseases that gain intensity. These are called social media diseases.[14] Cell phones and tablet devices that people keep with them are the factors that cause these diseases. According to some studies, despite all the benefits of technology, it is also exposed to its harms. Some examples of these are given below;[15] Mouse-keyboard disease RSI (repetitive strain injury) hikikomori ego surfing blog disclosure Youtube narcissism Myspace impersonation Google tracking cyberhondric photolurking Wikipedia crackberry Cheesepodding Social media expert After the concept of Social Networks, which emerged with the development of Internet technology and culture, the social media specialist has decided that the advertisements to be used for news, announcements, campaign announcements, and various events on Social Media Channels are appropriate for the Internet culture in order for commercial or social responsibility projects to reach wider target audiences. It is the general name of the work done by the employees to convey the product, service or social responsibility issues to the selective audience in a concise manner and in a short, clear and understandable way that does not waste the internet reader's time. Considering its financial return, it is defined as the most sought-after profession in Turkey.[16][17] social media platform Social media platform; It is the platform software on which mobile and Internet services work, enabling individuals to socialize by connecting with each other on topics such as common interests and activities. It is the general name of any platform where user content is published and shared by the person himself. The fact that users share their experiences on the Internet brings opportunities for companies. Social Media Platform (English: Social Media Platform), a type of software developed by platform providers, is also important at this point. Various information, entertainment, life, hobbies, interests, messaging, interactive, activity, comment and content sharing services can be developed on the Social Media Platform. Unlimited mobile and Internet services can be opened on social media platforms, as well as allowing the platform owner to manage the content of all services. Multimedia contents and galleries are open for sharing and sale. The services opened on the platform can be integrated with international social media services with interactive and multi-channel access (Wap, Web, SMS&MMS, IM and Pocket applications). Vertical and horizontal social networks that can be created on the Social Media Platform, brand or

provides industry-based advertising. Today, social media services are the most preferred advertising channel for brands. The widespread use of mobile Internet has also brought about the increasing mobilization of social media services. Most social media services have a mobile application. Developed applications are easily integrated into social media platforms. Properties Accessibility Social media content is accessed anytime, anywhere via the Internet. Platforms are developed compatible with mobile devices from day one and can be updated via email. Participation Social media makes it easy for contacts to give feedback and make necessary contributions. By blurring the line between the media and its audience, it puts patronage at the service of the user.[18] Speech and communities Traditional media mostly involves one-way communication. In classical mass media, feedback is difficult and takes time. On the other hand, social media offers individuals two-way communication, convenient and timely feedback. Social media allows communities to be quickly formed on relevant topics or people and accordingly, to communicate effectively.[18] Connectivity Many social media are connected. They link to other sites, resources and people for user convenience, advertising or any other reason.[18] Programmability Each platform has an application development interface (API) that is unique or uses certain standards. In this way, it is possible to provide additional functions to users with a continuous set of tools. Scalability Although the number of users of these tools, which is expressed in thousands, reaches millions, they have the capacity to serve the masses by using many new generation technologies from the beginning. dynamism The most important feature of social media is that everything is fluid, dynamic and constantly updated like water. Propaganda activities on social media With the increasing use of the Internet, social media has become the biggest propaganda tool for many organizations. In the globalizing world, organizations such as trademarks, political parties, non-governmental organizations aim to reach more people with social media. There are purposes such as changing the ideas of social media users by making many propaganda posts in favor of or against secondary people on social media. Social media content is content created by individuals or companies for social networks such as Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Pinterest, or Twitter. Also included in this list are video platforms like YouTube and TikTok, instant messengers like WhatsApp and Telegram. Social media content is an important component of digital marketing, content marketing and social media marketing.[1] Social media content has become an important tool in sales, commerce, social activity and propaganda in recent years. The term social content emerged with the rise of social media recently and generally refers to anything that someone posts or shares with others. Content marketing is the way businesses or individuals use social media content to attract and retain customers or followers. These platforms are of particular interest to companies as they allow much more direct interaction with users than traditional marketing measures.[2] However, to achieve its full impact, any content initiative used must also be carefully targeted and become just another advertising metric. Social media and content are also increasingly serving as a source of information and have even replaced traditional media such as television or newspapers.[3] So, social media content can play an important role in a company's overall content marketing strategy. Social media content offers companies numerous marketing opportunities. Marketing through social media is one of the most versatile and cost-effective strategies small businesses can use to reach their target audience and increase their sales over time. That's why 97% of marketers use social media to reach their audience.[4] Lead generation tools (OptinMonster, Audiense, Tweepi), buyer persona tools (Socedo, Socialbakers), security tools (ZeroFOX, LastPass), analytical tools (Followerwonk, Agora Pulse, CrowdBooster, Twitter Analytics, Facebook Analytics, Analisa.io), content creation tools (Tailwind, Revive Old Posts, BuzzSumo, Tagboard), graphic tools (Visage, Canva, Animoto), monitoring and sharing tools (Sprout Social, SocialOomph, Brand24), content improvement tools (Buffer, MeetEdgar, Hootsuite, IFTTT, Oktopost, Everypost, SocialFlow), news filtering tools (Feedly, Bitly, Influential) are the most popular social media marketing tools.[5] Source ^ https://contentmarketinginstitu

te.com/2021/02/best-social-media-tools-top-marketers/ ^ https://www.textbroker.com/social-media-content ^ https://shanebarker.com/blog/social-media-marketing-tools/amp/ ^ https://biteable.com/blog/social-media-marketing-tools/ ^ https://optinmonster.com/23-tools-that-will-take-your-social-media-marketing-to-the-next-level/ see also e-marketing Electronic trade Visual marketing Cost per click mobile marketing interactive marketing Neuromarketing Article marketing Why affiliate marketing political marketing New media (new media, new tools, new media) are media that cannot be created or used without the processing power of computers. It is usually digital and provides the opportunity to interact with its user or target audience. Examples of new media include the internet, websites, video games, CD-ROMs and DVDs. New media does not include television programs, magazines, books, or publications on paper unless they are combined with technology that enables digital interaction. Examples: Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia, online digital documents, images and videos, web links and creative input from a community of editors, interactive feedback from users, or where donations come together. Facebook is an example of social media where most users are also participants. The following are often included in this term, although what may be considered new media is controversial: Computer games Virtual reality environments Multimedia (Multimedia; Audio, Video, Interactive platforms, Animation, Text etc.) such as CD-ROMs... Software Websites (including blogs, wikis) Electronic mail Electronic kiosks interactive television mobile media podcast Hypertext literature blog Date In the 1960s, programming and radical art began to develop more strongly. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was noticed that there was a different parallel link between social change and computer design. While there is no causal relationship between them, the Cold War in content and web design evolved at the same time. Until the 1980s, media communications depended primarily on written, analogue models, such as television and radio. In the last twenty-five years, rapid changes have been observed in media communication and digital technologies such as the internet and video games have also been used in this field. But these are only a small part of the new media. W. Russell Neuman of new media; Geographically, distance changes its meaning. Provides a great increase in the provision of communication It makes it possible to increase the speed of communication. It strengthens interactive communication He argues that he contributed to the formation of different forms of communication that were previously separate and unconnected. As a result, it is claimed by educators such as Douglas Kellner and James Bohman that new media strengthens a democratic and postmodern atmosphere. Globalization and new media The development of new media has increased communication between people all over the world, starting with Web 2.0. This allowed people to express themselves through blogs, websites, photos. Social Media Marketing (English: Social Media Marketing-SMM) is about gaining traffic and attracting attention through social media sites.[1] Social media marketing tools Social media tracking Social Bookmarking and Tagging Social Reporting Social CRM Blog Marketing see also Social media optimization Web 2.0 internet celebrity The concept of social network was first used by Barnes in 1954 to describe one's relationships with other people in the environment. In the internet environment, the environments where users define themselves and communicate with different users from every culture, besides, they express their feelings and thoughts virtually with symbols that symbolize gestures and mimic movements used in normal social life, and in this way social communication is defined as "social network". Today, when we say social networks, websites such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIN appear as the biggest examples.[1] Social networks are the general name given to the networks that are used to establish social communication in the virtual environment created by people by identifying themselves in social life on the internet, to communicate with people through internet communication methods, and also by showing symbolic movements that symbolize various gestures made in normal social life. spread and its use becomes necessary for individuals and societies. Looking at the media and various communication sources, some rebellions, civil wars, revolutions, etc. It is seen that the first steps of the events were carried out.[2] Most of the social networking sites are built for a specific purpose. For example, the main purpose of Facebook is to enable you to interact with people you know in real life. LinkedI

N's aim is to offer you a business and project-based social networking experience as a professional business network. Some popular social networking sites today are: Facebook – A social networking site where you can communicate with people you know. Pinterest – It is a social networking platform with image sharing feature, where all kinds of images are shared and working with the board system. Instagram – It is a social networking site created for you to share photos based on. Tumblr – It is both a personal blog and a creative social networking project involving bloggers. Twitter – Social networking site where you can interact and interact with all celebrities. YouTube – It is a social video sharing and interaction platform.[3] Contents 1 Use of social networks 1.1 Effects of social networking use 2 Social network addiction 3 Social network analysis 4 Bibliography and citations 5 External links Social network usage The use of social networks is an important phenomenon today that has completed the adaptation process and has reached very high penetration rates. Since the day these networks emerged, the most important audience has been students. Various researches on the continuity of use of social networks are carried out in a very broad framework. Today, new platforms that emerged as a result of the developments in network and computer technologies have taken the users under more control than the old technologies with their interaction features and ease of use. The rate of adoption and diffusion of these new technologies has been higher than knowledge of how to use them. Social networks are online platforms where people with common interests and purposes can share information and information and engage in social interactions. In addition, these communities are also considered as information support. The Internet forms the basis of social networks with its rich and wide-ranging information structure. This information covers many dimensions from health to “finance, education, transportation and care services”.[4] Social networks allow individuals to interact with content. In addition, users can interact with people. Users can interact with “instant messaging, e-mail, chat rooms and some other internet applications”.[5] In this way, they become important platforms for social gain. Users may have some intentions when sharing information on these social networks. These intentions are “to collaborate with others for common purposes, to gain knowledge or learning benefits, to build relationships with others” and so on. Among the reasons why people share information on social networks, many different topics such as "satisfying their social needs, staying in touch with friends, making interesting things appear on social networks and seeking help" can be counted among the reasons for being human.[6] Users can realize their self-presentation purposes with various posts such as images, profile information or wall contents.[7] In today's social networking platforms, users create their online profiles with the images they choose and share.[8] At this point, the desire to look good emerges as a criterion. Users choose images that are more attractive, that they can get more approval from their surroundings, that can support them in the social groups they are in, and that can increase their acceptance.[9][10] Effects of social network use The rapid rise of social media platforms has led to a change in the way we present and perceive, as well as the normal form of our social relationships. The social media environment has become an area where people who cannot express their feelings in daily life or who want to attract attention can share to reflect their emotional states. While individuals have difficulty in expressing themselves in daily life, they think that they can express themselves whenever and however they want, thanks to social media.[11] Such situations have increased the interest in investigating the relationship between social media use and personality traits. In addition, with the rise of these platforms, people who draw attention with their shares, who have an influence on their followers and who are called influencers, have emerged and started to affect users on different platforms.[12] The accounts and people followed have become a part of the lives of individuals. It is also seen that social media plays a transformative role on social life as it becomes a part of daily life practices; It is stated that it not only enables the establishment of a new form of communication, but also brings about cultural, social and even psychological effects.[13] social network addiction "Mobile social network addiction" brought by mobile technology. Just like any other type of addiction (game addiction, shopping tie)

addiction, alcohol addiction, substance abuse, internet addiction) social network addiction is also seen and addressed as a psychological problem. It is seen that social network addiction, like other types of addiction, affects people negatively in many ways and also has negative effects on daily life order. When the studies in the literature are examined, it is seen that the issues related to social media addiction are examined from different perspectives. Social network addiction is characterized by “little and poor quality sleep, excessive preoccupation, repetitive thoughts about controlling or limiting use, failure to prevent access request, spending more time on the internet each time, craving when not in access, decreased real-life activities, worsening academic performance. and relationship problems” stand out. At the same time, social network addiction causes physiological problems as well as some psychological problems when care is not taken and precautions are not taken.[14] Social network analysis Social network components The history of social networks goes back to the first years of humanity. However, it was in the 1930s that the network idea emerged as a different approach in social structures. Moreno developed "sociometry" to show the formal features of social interaction and to investigate the structure of social relations. Persons to visualize interpersonal connections with sociometry; point and connections are expressed as lines between points. This form of representation is called a “sociogram”.[15] Thus, the matrix describing the relationships of a group of people is transformed into a graph of points connected by lines. There are several basic concepts used in social network analysis. These concepts are; actor, relational bond, dyad, triad, subgroup or clique, group, relationship and network. Some of these key concepts are defined below; Actor: Social entities are called actors. Actors are individual, institutional or collective social units. As an example to the actors; people in a group, divisions within a company, public service organizations in a city, or nation-states around the world. Bond: Actors are connected to each other by social ties. The scope and type of ties can be quite extensive. The defining characteristic of a tie is that it creates a link between two actors. Degree, Inner Step and Outer Level centers Node and Edge: The most basic building block in a graph is nodes, the other basic building block is edges. Nodes represent actors in a graph. Edges represent the bond between nodes. The edge is the line between the nodes in the graph.[16] Size/Size: The number of actors in the network. Symmetry/Reciprocity: It is the situation where the relationship is two-way. It means that A has a bond with B and B has a bond with A. Component: A subset of network actors and connections. All actors in the component are directly or indirectly interconnected and have no connections with nodes outside the component.[17] Social media optimization. It is a strategic study aiming to direct traffic to targeted sites with specific content placement and sharing by professionalizing the social network profiles of institutions and individuals. It is a method used to increase visibility on the Internet. It is prepared using keywords on the subject so that potential researchers can easily access products and services. see also Search engine optimization search engine marketing social media marketing WhatsApp Messenger is a cross-platform instant messaging and calling or communication application developed for smartphones. The application is compatible with Android, BlackBerry, iPhone, Windows Phone and Nokia phones; It allows users to send photos, videos, free calls, voice and text messages and documents to each other via 2G, 3G, 4G or Wi-Fi Internet connection. The company of the same name, the former Yahoo! was founded by employees of Biran Acton and Jan Koum in Santa Clara, California, USA. Communication traffic over WhatsApp Messenger, which gained great popularity in a short time, increased by 75% from August 2012 to January 2013, reaching 500% in total in 2012. It is among the cyber services with the highest number of registered users in the world. On February 19, 2014, Meta, Inc. was purchased for a total of 19 billion USD, including 4 billion USD in cash, 12 billion USD in stocks and 3 billion USD in limited stock.[2] This purchase was requested to be stopped by groups defending some personal rights and information privacy.[3] Mark Zuckerberg announced that WhatsApp has reached 1 billion users.[4][5] Contents 1 Date 2 Platform support 2.1 WhatsApp Web 3 Pricing 4 Technical specifications 4.1 Tip

end-to-end encryption 4.2 WhatsApp Payments 4.3 WhatsApp Cryptocurrency 5 Reliability 6 External links 7 Bibliography Date On January 24, 2009, Jan Koum founded WhatsApp in California. Koum instantly chose the name WhatsApp because it sounded "what's up" and founded WhatsApp Inc. a week later, on his birthday, February 24, 2009, in California.[6] In August, WhatsApp 2.0 was released on the App Store for iPhone. In October, fellow co-founder Brian Acton five former Yahoo! convinced his friends to deposit $250,000 and gain co-founder status.[7] In December, the feature of sending the first photo and video files was added. In 2010, the first group features were added. From August 2010 messaging was found in the Android system. In August 2012, WhatsApp support staff announced that messages were encrypted in the "latest version" of WhatsApp software for iOS and Android. In August 2013, WhatsApp introduced voice messaging. In November 2014, WhatsApp introduced a 2 blue tick feature called "Read", which alerts senders when messages have been read by recipients. Within a week, WhatsApp rolled out an update that allowed users to disable this feature. Voice calls between two accounts were added in March 2015. In January 2016, Jan Koum announced that WhatsApp would not charge its users an annual subscription fee of $1. In March, WhatsApp introduced the document sharing feature, which initially allowed users to share PDF files with their contacts. On May 10, WhatsApp was introduced for both Windows and Mac operating systems. Video calls between two accounts were added in November 2016, and group voice and video calls were added for up to 4 accounts in July 2018.[8] On October 25, 2018, WhatsApp announced support for Stickers. On February 24, 2017, WhatsApp made a bigger innovation. Launched the implementation of Snapchat feature "Stories". Using filters and additions, users were able to update their status by sharing pictures, videos, music, links and texts that can be viewed within a period of 24 hours.[9] This feature was first used by Instagram on August 2, 2016, and by Facebook in March 2017. The location share feature was added in October 2017. In January 2018, WhatsApp launched WhatsApp Business for use in small businesses.[10] In early 2020, WhatsApp launched "night mode" for iPhone and Android devices.[11] In October 2020, Whatsapp rolled out a feature that allows users to mute both individual and group chats forever. Chat mute settings show "8 hours", "1 week" and "Always" options. The 'Always' option replaced the '1 year' option that was originally part of the settings.[12] In January 2021, WhatsApp announced a new Privacy Policy that users will have to accept until February 8, 2021. The new policy will allow WhatsApp to share data with its parent company, Facebook. The new policy is not applicable in the EU as it violates GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) principles.[13] Faced with a backlash over Facebook data sharing and lack of clarity, WhatsApp delayed the update to May 15, 2021. On March 1, 2021, WhatsApp began offering support for third-party animated stickers in Iran, Brazil, and Indonesia. On March 24, 2021, WhatsApp released third-party animated stickers worldwide. On May 25, 2021, WhatsApp brought the playback speed feature to voice messages. Thanks to this new feature, WhatsApp users were able to increase the speed of their voice messages by 1.5x and 2x.[14] In July 2021, WhatsApp announced the development of an Android beta version update that supports sending uncompressed images and videos in 3 options: Automatic, Best Quality and Data Saver.[15] That same month, the Android beta enabled end-to-end encryption for cloud backups stored in Facebook's cloud. The backup is locked with a password and 64-digit recovery key and cannot be accessed without them. The company is also testing multi-device support, which will allow users to launch WhatsApp on desktop devices without keeping phone sessions active.[16] On October 4, 2021, Facebook suffered its biggest outage since 2008. The 2021 Facebook outage also affected other Facebook-owned platforms like Instagram and WhatsApp. Security experts determined that the problem was probably DNS related.[17] In November 2021, WhatsApp announced that it will introduce the ability to react to messages and view the reactions. In addition, in Beta version 2.2147.4 of the WhatsApp application, the time to delete messages from everyone increased to longer than 1 hour, 8 minutes and 16 seconds. In December 2021, it was reported that WhatsApp began hiding users' online statuses from people in the app, called "Last Seen". The option is set by default but all contacts have a user's online status

[18] Also, in addition to the more convenient interface, the feature where users can listen to it before sending a voice message has been introduced. Platform support After months in beta, the first official version of WhatsApp was released on the App Store for iPhone only in November 2009. BlackBerry smartphone support was added in January 2010. Support for Symbian followed in May 2010 and for Android in August 2010. In August 2011, a beta support for Nokia's Series 40 was added. Support for Windows Phone was added a month later, followed by BlackBerry 10 in March 2013.[19] In April 2015, Samsung's Tizen support was added.[20] The earliest device capable of running WhatsApp was the Symbian-based Nokia N95, released in March 2007 (support discontinued in 2017). In August 2014, WhatsApp released an Android update that added support for Android Wear smartwatches.[21] On February 26, 2016, WhatsApp announced that it will end support for BlackBerry (including BlackBerry 10), Series 40 and Symbian S60, as well as older versions of Android (2.2), Windows Phone (7.0), and iOS (6) by the end of the year. Support for BlackBerry, Series 40 and Symbian was later extended until June 30, 2017. In June 2017, BlackBerry and Series 40 support was once again extended until the end of 2017, while Symbian was discontinued. Support for BlackBerry, older Windows Phone (version 8.0) and older iOS (version 6) devices was removed on January 1, 2018, but extended to December 2018 for the Nokia Series 40. In July 2018, it was announced that WhatsApp will soon be available for KaiOS-enabled phones. In October 2019, WhatsApp officially launched a new fingerprint lock feature for Android users.[22] WhatsApp Web On May 10, 2016, the messaging service was introduced for both Microsoft Windows and macOS operating systems. Similar to the WhatsApp Web format, the application to be synchronized with a user's mobile device can be downloaded from the website. Windows 8 supports OS X 10.10 (OS X Yosemite) and higher operating system versions. If users go to web.whatsapp.com via their browsers, go to the WhatsApp application, enter Web WhatsApp from the Menu, and scan the QR code on the screen, they log into WhatsApp on the computer and make the chat easier and faster.[23] When WhatsApp Web was first launched, it only worked in the Google Chrome browser, but with subsequent updates, it has been made to work in Mozilla Firefox and Opera browsers.[24] A story has circulated about the future of iPad support in 2019. However, as of March 2020, WhatsApp does not work on the Apple iPad. Information released from WhatsApp iOS page (accessed March 2020): "WhatsApp is a phone app, so iPod and iPad are not supported devices." Pricing WhatsApp offers its users free instant messaging and voice and video calls. The application is used ad-free on all platforms.[25] Technicial Specifications WhatsApp uses a customized version of the open-standard Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP). After installation, creates a user account using the user's phone number as the username (Jabber ID: [phone number]@s.whatsapp.net). WhatsApp software automatically compares all phone numbers in the device's address book with the central database of WhatsApp users to automatically add contacts to the user's WhatsApp contact list. Previously, Android and Nokia Series 40 versions used an inverted version of the MD5 hash of the phone's IMEI as the password.[26] The iOS version used the Wi-Fi MAC address instead of the phone's IMEI. The 2012 update now generates a random password on the server side. In February 2015, WhatsApp launched the voice calling feature.[27] This has helped WhatsApp attract a completely different segment of the user population. WhatsApp's audio codec is Opus. It uses modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) and linear predictive coding (LPC) audio compression algorithms. WhatsApp uses Opus at sampling rates of 8–16 kHz.[28] On November 14, 2016, Whatsapp added a video calling feature for users on Android, iPhone and Windows Phone devices.[29] In November 2017, Whatsapp released a new feature that will allow its users to delete accidentally sent messages within a 7-minute timeframe. Multimedia messages are sent by uploading images, audio or video to be sent to an HTTP server. A link to the content is then sent along with its Base64-encoded thumbnail. WhatsApp follows a "store and forward" mechanism for exchanging messages between two users. When a user sends a message, it first goes to the WhatsApp server where it is stored. Then the server repeatedly asks the receiver to confirm receipt of the message. As soon as the message is confirmed, the server will leave the message

dirt. The WhatsApp server only keeps the message in its database for 30 days when undelivered. End-to-end encryption On November 18, 2014, Open Whisper Systems announced its partnership with WhatsApp. This provides end-to-end encryption by incorporating the encryption protocol used in Signal into every WhatsApp client platform.[30] Open Whisper Systems says they've already included the protocol in their latest WhatsApp client for Android, and support for other clients, group/media messages, and key verification will be coming soon. On April 5, 2016, WhatsApp and Open Whisper Systems announced that they had finished adding end-to-end encryption to "every form of communication" in WhatsApp, and users can now verify each other's keys. Users are also given the option to enable the first-use trust mechanism to be notified when a reporter's key changes. According to the White Paper, WhatsApp messages are encrypted with the Signal Protocol.[31] WhatsApp calls are encrypted with SRTP and all client-server communications are "stratified within a separate encrypted channel". The Signal Protocol library used by WhatsApp is open source and released under the GPLv3 license. WhatsApp Payments WhatsApp Pay is a peer-to-peer money transfer feature currently only available in India. WhatsApp received permission from the National Payments Authority of India (NPCI) in July 2017 to allow users to make in-app payments and money transfers using the Unified Payments Interface (UPI). WhatsApp Crypto Currency In June 2019, Facebook officially announced that it is preparing a crypto money project and the name of the project will be Libra (later Diem). The project reportedly involved more than 50 engineers under the direction of former PayPal chairman David A. Marcus. The company also planned a digital wallet called "Calibra" to be integrated into Facebook and WhatsApp.[32] Calibra was rebranded as Novi in May 2020 and Libra was rebranded as Diem in December 2020. Reliability As of April 6, 2016, it has been determined that the latest version of the WhatsApp application does not include only 1 of the 7 reliability features sought in the Electronic Frontier Foundation's comparison study.[33][34] The 6 features that earn points and 1 features that make them lose are as follows, respectively: (+) messages being encrypted during communication, (+) recent source control of the software, (+) messages are coded with a password that no one from the service organization can access, (+) users can automatically verify the identity of the other party, (+) keeping old messages safe in case the password is stolen, (+) that the design of the reliability assembly is adequately documented, (-) the software is not open to independent evaluation. Facebook is a social network that aims for people to communicate and exchange information with other people. Founded on February 4, 2004 by Harvard University 2006 circuit student Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook was primarily established for Harvard students. Facebook, which later included schools around Boston, covered all Ivy League schools within two months. In the first year; All schools in the United States were available on Facebook. Previously, members could only become members with the e-mail address of the school in question (.edu, .ac.uk etc.). Later, high schools and some large companies joined the network. On September 11, 2006, Facebook was opened to all e-mail addresses with some age restrictions. Users can access the networks they want; They can participate in terms of their high school, place of work or place of residence. Also, Facebook is one of the most visited sites in the world. Google Play Store has more than 5 billion users. Contents 1 History 2 General information 3 Site functions 3.1 Photos 3.2 Gifts 3.3 Marketplace 3.4 Nudges 3.5 Activities 3.6 Video 3.7 Applications 3.8 Foreign language option 3.9 Messenger 4 Top management 5 Statistics 6 See also 7 Bibliography 8 External links history The first purpose of Facebook, which was written by Mark Zuckerberg towards the end of 2003, was to strengthen the connection between students at various American universities, especially Columbia University. After it started to spread to universities, it was aimed to strengthen Facebook by focusing on points such as finance and media. In April 2004, together with Zuckerberg, Dustin Moskovitz and Eduardo Saverin, the company established under the name TheFacebookLLC gave Facebook a corporate identity. In June 2004, Facebook invested 500,000 US dollars by Peter Thiel. With the investment of 13 Million Dollars made by Accel Partners in May 2005, the site started to accept everyone over the age of 13 as a member as of September 2006, on the condition of e-mail verification, and took its current form.[5] general information Alexa stats

According to them, Facebook is the second most visited website in the world as of August 31, 2014.[6] And also; Most visited site in Egypt, 2nd most visited site in United States, Australia, Turkey, Panama and Norway, 3rd most visited site in Canada, South Africa, United Kingdom and Sweden, 2012 It is the most visited site worldwide as of 2018.[6] Facebook gets its name from "paper facebooks". This form is a form that American universities have their students, teachers, and staff fill out and introduce them. Facebook currently has 1 billion 350 million users.[7] The site is free to users and earns its income from banners, logo ads and sponsor groups (in April 2006, revenues were claimed to be $1.5 million per week). Users profiles display photos, interests, private or public messages, and friend groups. Profiles can be limited to display only to friends or not to those outside certain networks. According to TechCrunch; 85% of students at universities in the US have an account on Facebook, and 60% of them connect every day. 85% are among those who connect every week, 93% every month. Facebook spokesperson Chris Hughes says that users spend an average of 19 minutes on Facebook every day. The founder of Facebook is Mark Zuckerberg, a former Harvard University student. As of March 13, 2009, Facebook's new interface started to be used in all accounts. However, this interface has created a dichotomy among users. While some users find this interface very successful, some users protest. Facebook administrators insist on this new interface. In technical terms, Facebook is shown as one of the most successful Web 2.0 applications by web authorities. In 2006, rumors emerged that Facebook would be sold with the sale of MySpace to News Corporation. Zuckerberg stated that he did not want to sell Facebook and denied the rumors. While it is claimed that the first offer was 975 million dollars by Viacom; In September 2006, Yahoo made an offer of $1 billion. In October; After Google bought YouTube, it made an offer of $2.3 billion for Facebook. Peter Thiel, one of the Facebook executives, said that the internal value of Facebook is 8 billion dollars and the project revenues are 1 billion dollars for 2015. On October 24, 2007, Microsoft bought a 1.6% stake in Facebook for $240 million. Google and other companies are turning to Facebook shares in a similar way. In August 2008, Facebook had 100 million monthly active users. People called each other on Facebook, and that number has doubled in 7 months. In April 2009, the number of people reached by this social network was 200 million. In July 2009, the number of Facebook users increased by 50 million to reach 250 million in less than 4 months.[8] With an application that started on July 23, 2009, it was possible to access Facebook from within the Yahoo website.[9] The reason why Facebook is predominantly blue is because its founder, Mark Zuckerberg, is colorblind.[7] Site functions Photos With the Photos application, users can present their photos among themselves by tagging themselves and their friends. Due to some privacy issues, facebook has placed some limitations on the viewing of photos. As of August 2007, there are 31.31 billion photos on Facebook, which corresponds to 31 photos per person. Photos are visible to everyone, but may not be visible to any user if the necessary adjustments are made. gifts Gifts is an application made by Facebook in February 2007. Users can send each other gifts consisting of small icons. These icons are designed by Apple designer Susan Kare and users give these gifts privately or openly. Users can also display the "gifts" box on their profile if they wish. Users are entitled to a free gift upon opening their account; the next gifts are charged with 1 dollar. 50% of gifts are given on Valentine's Day. In addition, free gifts can be sent through applications such as the "Free Gifts" application developed by Zachary Allia. Market place As of May 2007; With the Facebook Marketplace application; It created a market environment for items for sale, house for rent/sale, jobs and others, and allowed users to shop with each other. These services are free. With Facebook's photos application, users share pictures of themselves and their friends. Especially university students benefit from this service.

rivers. Many students sell their books and school supplies on Facebook. In addition, rental flats and houses were also put on the market due to facebook. pokes With the Pokes application, it allows a user to establish a dialogue by poking another user. Although sometimes that means hello, there are facebook apps like X Me and SuperPoke that do the same job. These applications enable the poking process to be done in different variations. Events The events application is; users' friends can create certain meetups and other users can report their RSVPs for these events. Video Facebook's video application; as well as sending videos to each other on YouTube and similar sites; He recorded images with his video camera, including private messages, and sent it as a message. Also, from 2015, videos will be available to watch as Pop-Outs.[10][11][12] Apps As of May 24, 2007, Facebook enabled developers to create interactive applications with Facebook with its infrastructure called Facebook Platform. Applications can be easily developed with the Facebook API. As of October 11, 2007, there are over 5500 applications on Facebook. Foreign language option Other languages available through the Translations App as of August 30, 2008: German, Czech, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Hong Kong Chinese, Danish, Finnish, French, Welsh, Dutch, Spanish, Swedish, Italian, Japanese, Catalan, Korean, Polish, Bokmål Norwegian, Brazilian Portuguese, Turkish, Kurdish and Russian.[13] A Pirate English option was also made available on 19 September 2008 to celebrate the "International Speak Like a Pirate Day" which is celebrated on 19 September every year.[13] On October 9, 2008, Galician, Hungarian, Nyorsk Norwegian, Romanian, Slovenian and Thai versions became available in beta.[13] Albanian version was added in beta on September 4, 2009. Azerbaijani version was added on October 2, 2009. On December 24, 2009, a full Kurdish version was added. Messenger Main article: Facebook Messenger The messenger application developed by Facebook for iOS, Android and Windows Phone platforms offers Facebook users the opportunity to chat and share in all media formats. Page owners can add chat bots to Facebook Messenger. It can perform tasks such as purchasing and automatic response. top management The company's head office in California Mark Zuckerberg Founder and CEO Dustin Moskovitz Executive Vice President and Chief Engineering Officer Sheryl SandbergCOO Owen Van Natta Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Operations Matt Kohler Vice President - Strategy and Business Operations Chris Hughes Executive Vice President Peter Thiel Investor Chamath Palihapitiya Vice President - Marketing and Operations Gideon Yu Chief Financial Officer Li Ka-shing Investor Marc Samwer Investor Alexander Samwer Investor Eduardo Saverin Founding Member Statistics As of October 2012, the number of Facebook users has exceeded 1 billion all over the world.[14][15] The increase still continues. Below are statistics on the number of Facebook users in different countries as of March 2015.[16] Most popular social networking sites by country (2019) Facebook VKontakte QZone Odnoklassniki Instagram no data Country Number of users USA 188,000,000 India 122,000,000 Brazil 98,000,000 Indonesia 72,000,000 Mexico 58,000,000 Philippines 42,000,000 Turkey 40.000.000 United Kingdom 38,000,000 Thailand 34,000,000 France 30,000,000 Germany 28,000,000 Italy 28,000,000 Vietnam 28,000,000 Argentina 26,000,000 Egypt 24,000,000 Japan 24,000,000 Colombia 22,000,000 Spain 22.000.000 Canada 20,000,000 Pakistan 19,000,000 Malaysia 16,800,000 Taiwan 16.2 million Peru 14,600,000 Australia 13,800,000 Poland 13,200,000 Venezuela 11,800,000 South Africa 11,800,000 Chile 10,800,000 Russia 10.200.000 Saudi Arabia 9.600.000 Netherlands 9.400.000 Twitter is an American microblogging and social networking service where users post messages known as "tweets" and interact with each other. It was created by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams in March 2006 and launched in July 2006. It became one of the 10 most visited websites in 2013 and was defined as the "SMS of the Internet".[4][5] It reached 339.6 million active users in 2020.[3] Contents 1 History 2 Features 3 Popularity 4 Legal issues 4.1 Blocking access from Turkey 5 Special practices and restrictions 6 Logos 7 Statistics 7.1 Top 10 most followed accounts 7.2 Oldest accounts 7.3 Tweet record 8 Twitter abbreviations 9 Bibliography 10 External links history In 2004, a company called Odeo, under the umbrella of which Twitter would be established, was launched. In 2005, Odeo introduced its service called "Podcasting", but the expected interest was not seen. In February 2006, Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Evan William

He ignored the decisions. For this reason, the measure of blocking access to Twitter has been implemented in line with court decisions, as there is no other option left to prevent the unrecoverable grievances of our citizens in the future. The Telecommunications Communication Presidency is responsible for implementing court decisions within the framework of the rule of law. If the aforementioned foreign-based website removes illegal content by complying with the decisions of Turkish courts, the precautionary blocking of access will be terminated.[22] – Information Technologies and Communications Authority Twitter access was also blocked in connection with the news that Prosecutor Mehmet Selim Kiraz was taken hostage and killed during the rescue operation.[23] Unlike Facebook, YouTube and Google, Twitter did not accept the request to remove the relevant content. The access ban was lifted after 5 hours.[24][25] Special practices and restrictions With some changes and restrictions in the Api settings, Twitter first disabled the link to find friends for Instagram[26] and then the link to find Twitter users on Tumblr,[27] with Tumblr. Receiving reaction from software developers with these changes, Twitter entered the Linux Foundation, which supports open source software, and kind of took the hearts of the developers.[28] Logo The famous bird featured in the Twitter logo is a male and his name is Larry. Logo in use since June 2012 Statistics Top 10 most followed accounts Barack Obama: 129 Million Justin Bieber: 113 Million Katy Perry: 109 Million Rihanna: 99 Million Taylor Swift: 92 Million Cristiano Ronaldo: 91 Million Donald Trump: 82 Million Lady Gaga: 81 Million Ellen DeGeneres: 79 Million Ariana Grande: 75 Million Last updated: February 14, 2021[29] oldest accounts The oldest Twitter accounts; @jack (Jack Dorsey), @biz (Biz Stone) and @noah (Noah Glass) working on Twitter, active since March 21, 2006.[30] tweet record On February 3, 2013, when the Super Bowl XLVII match was played, 24.1 million tweets were sent, breaking a record in this field.[31] Twitter abbreviations Trending topic (TT): The area on the left where the 10 most talked about topics are listed is called Trending Topic. Each country has its own TT list, and there is also a list showing the 10 most talked about topics worldwide. Retweet (RT): Another twitter user's tweet is displayed on your profile by pressing the retweet button so that your followers can also see it. Direct Message (DM): Indicates the mail sent to you by another twitter user, acts as a kind of e-mail. Other abbreviations Friday Follow (#FF): It is the abbreviation of the words Friday and follow. Accounts recommended for following with hashtags are only mentioned on Fridays and are recommended to followers. It is one of the most tweeted hashtags in Twitter history.[32]